Columbia University

Homer, Iliad

Homer, Odyssey

Herodotus, The Histories. Books I, III, VI, VII

Aeschylus, The Oresteia

Sophocles, Sophocles I: Antigone and Oedipus the King

Thucydides, Peloponnesian Wars. Books I-III, V-VIII

Euripides, Euripides V: The Bacchae

Plato, Republic, Parts 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11

Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates: "The Apology"

Plato, Symposium

Aristotle, Ethics, Books I, II, X

Aristotle, Aristotle on Poetry and Style

Virgil, Aeneid of Virgil

Bible, King James Version: Genesis, Exodus, Job, Matthew, Romans, Galatians

Augustine, Confessions

Von Strassburg, Tristan

Aquinas, Introduction to Saint Thomas Aquinas

Dante, Inferno

Erasmus and Luther, Discourse on Free Will

Machiavelli, The Prince and The Discourses

Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel, Books I and III

Montaigne, Essays: "To the Reader," "Of Idleness," "Of Cannibals," "Of Democritus and Heraclitus," "Of Repentance," "Of Experience"

Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part One

Shakespeare, King Lear

Cervantes, Don Quixote

Hobbes, Leviathan, Parts I and II

Locke, Two Trectises on Government: "Second Treatise on Government"

Galileo, The Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo: "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" and "Letter on Sunspots"

Descartes, Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy

Rousseau, The Social Contract

Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals

Hume, Inquiry Concerning Principles of Morals

Smith, The Wealth of Nations

Mill, Selection of His Works: "On Liberty," "Utilitarianism," "On Bentham," "On Bentham’s Principles"

Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment

Marx, The Marx-Engels Reader: Selections from "The German Ideology," "The Communist Manifesto," "Capital," "Two Theories of Socialism"

Darwin, Autobiography of Charles Darwin, Chapters 3-6 and summary

Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo

Freud, An Outline of Psycho-Analysis

Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality