OUTLINE - KNEE JOINT
I. Tibiofemoral Articulation
A. Femoral Condyles
1. Medial - 2/3" longer and larger
2. Lateral
B. Tibia Condyles
1. Medial - larger
2. Lateral
C. Cartilage
1. Medial Meniscus - "C" shaped
2. Lateral Meniscus - "O" shaped
D. Alignment
1. Normal
2. Genu Valgum
3. Genu Varus
E. Joint Capsule & Synovium
F. Ligaments
1. Medial (Tibial) Collateral - Medial epicondyle of femur to proximal aspect of the medial tibia, just distal to the condyle. 12 cm long, very broad or flat shape.
2. Lateral (Fibular) Collateral - Lateral epicondyle to the fibular head. 5 cm long, round shape.
3. Obllique Popliteal - Posterior joint capsule to the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia.
4. Anterior Cruciate - Posteriomedial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur to the anterior aspect of the tibial plataeu.
5. Posterior Cruciate - Anterolateral; surface of the medial condyle of the femur to the posterior aspect of the tibial plataeu.
G. Tendons
1. Quadriceps Tendon/Patellar Ligament
2. Iliotibial Band
H. Plica
1. Infrapatellar
2. Suprapatellar
3. Mediopatellar
I. Bursae
1. Continuous with synovial membrane
a. Suprapatellar
b. Subpopliteal
c. Gastrocnemius
2. Other
a. Infrapatellar
b. Prepatellar
J. Movements
1. Flexion/Extension
a. ROM - 130˚/140˚ flexion; 5˚/10˚ extension
2. Rotation
a. In full extension, ROM - 0˚
b. At 90˚ flexion, ROM - 40˚ lateral rotation and 30˚ medial rotation
II. Patellofemoral Articulation
A. Patella - sesamoid bone
1. Medial (Odd) Facet - Smaller
2. Lateral Facet
3. Vertical Ridge
B. Femur
1. Intercondylar Groove
III Muscles
A. Extensors
1. Quadriceps
a. Rectus Femoris
b. Vastus Lateralis
c. Vastus Intermedius
d. Vastus Medialis
2. Role of the patella
3. Q angle
a. Normal
b. Abnormal
B. Flexors
1. Hamstrings
a. Biceps Femorus
b. Semitendinosus
c. Semimembranosus
2. Sartorius
3. Gracilis - covered with the adductor muscles of the hip
4. Gastrocnemius - will be discussed at the ankle
5. Popliteus - will be discussed at the ankle