Proximal Attachment of medial head: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of femur.

Proximal Attachment of lateral head: Posterior aspect of lateral condyle of femur.

Distal Attachment: Posterior surface of calcaneus via the Achille’s tendon.

Action: Plantar flexes the ankle joint and assists in flexion of the knee joint.

Nerve: Tibial.

Proximal Attachment: Distal part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and posterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur.

Distal Attachment: Posterior aspect of calcaneus.

Nerve: Tibial.

Action: Plantar flexes the ankle joint and assists in flexion of the knee joint.

Proximal Attachment: Posterior surface of the proximal one-third of the fibula, and the posterior and proximal aspect of the tibia (soleal line).

Distal Attachment: With tendon of Gastrocnemius into posterior surface of calcaneus.

Action: Plantar flexes the ankle joint.

Nerve: Tibial.

Proximal Attachment: Lateral condyle and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia.

Distal Attachment: Medial and plantar surface of medial (1^st) cuneiform bone and the base of first metatarsal bone.

Action: Dorsiflexes the ankle joint and inversion of the foot.

Nerve: Deep peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Most of proximal 1/2 of the interosseus membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula.

Distal Attachment: Tuberosity of navicular bone and by fibrous expansions to the sustentaculum tali, three cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones.

Action: Inverts the foot and assists in plantar flexion of the ankle joint.

Nerve: Tibial.

Proximal Attachment: Head and proximal two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula.

Distal Attachment: Lateral side of base of first metatarsal and of medial (1^st) cuneiform bone.

Action: Everts foot and assists in plantar flexion of ankle joint.

Nerve: Superficial peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Distal two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula.

Distal Attachment: Tuberosity at base of fifth metatarsal bone, lateral side.

Action: Everts foot and assists in plantar flexion of ankle.

Nerve: Superficial peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Distal one-third of anterior surface of fibula.

Distal Attachment: Dorsal surface, base of the fifth metatarsal.

Action: Everts foot and assists in dorsiflexion of ankle.

Nerve: Deep peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Lateral condyle of tibia, head of the fibula, and the proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of body of fibula.

Distal Attachment: By four tendons to the second through fifth digits. Each tendon forms an expansion on the dorsal surface of the toe, divides into an intermediate slip attached to base of middle phalanx, and two lateral slips attached to base of distal phalanx.

Distal attachment is similar to the Extensor Digitorum in the hand.

Action: Extends the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and assists in extending the interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP) of the second through fifth digits. Assists in dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and eversion of the foot.

Nerve: Deep peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Anterior and lateral surfaces of calcaneus.

Distal Attachment: By four tendons to first through fourth digits. The most medial slip, also known as the Extensor Hallucis Brevis, inserts into dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of great toe. Other three tendons join lateral sides of tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus to second, third, and fourth digits.

Action: Extends the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of the first through fourth digits, and assists in extending the interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP) of second, third, and fourth digits.

Nerve: Deep peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia.

Distal Attachment: Bases of distal phalanges of second through fifth digits.

Distal attachment is similar to the Flexor Digitorum Profundus in the hand.

The tendon of the FDL passes behind the medial malleolus.

Action: Flexes proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP and DIP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of the second through fifth digits. Assists in plantar flexion of the ankle joint and inversion of the foot.

Nerve: Tibial.

Proximal Attachment: Medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus.

Distal Attachment: Middle phalanx of second through fifth digits.

Distal attachment is similar to the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis in the hand.

Action: Flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP), and assists in flexion of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of the second through fifth digits.

Nerve: Medial Plantar.

Proximal Attachment: Middle 2/3of anterior and medial surfaces of fibula.

Distal Attachment: Base of distal phalanx of great toe.

Action: Extends the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the great toe. Assists in inversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.

Nerve: Deep peroneal.

This muscle is part of the Extensor digitorum brevis.

Proximal Attachment: Anterior and lateral surfaces of calcaneus.

Distal Attachment: Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of great toe.

Action: Extends the metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe.

Nerve: Deep peroneal.

Proximal Attachment: Posterior surface of middle two-thirds of fibula.

Distal Attachment: Base of distal phalanx of great toe, plantar surface.

The Flexor hallucis longus is connected to the Flexor digitorum longus by a strong tendinous slip.

The tendon of the FHL passes behind the medial malleolus.

Action: Flexes the interphalangeal joint of the great toe, an assists in flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint, plantar flexion of the ankle joint, and inversion of the foot.

Nerve: Tibial.

Proximal Attachment: Plantar surface of cuboid bone, and the adjacent part of lateral (3^rd) cuneiform bone.

Distal Attachment: Medial and lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe.

Action: Flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.

Nerve: Medial plantar.

Proximal Attachment: Medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus

Distal Attachment: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe, common with the attachment of the Flexor hallucis brevis.

Action: Abducts and assists in flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.

Nerve: Medial plantar.

Distal Attachment: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe, common with the attachment of the Flexor hallucis brevis.

Action: Adducts and assists in flexing the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.

Nerve: Lateral Plantar